以文本方式查看
- 翻译中国 (http://www.FanE.cn/)
-- 中国翻译论坛 (http://www.fane.cn/forum.asp)
--- 资源共享 (http://www.fane.cn/forum_list.asp?forum_id=18)
---- 英文报刊佳句阅读（正在整理中。。。。）
(http://www.fane.cn/forum_list.asp?forum_id=18&view_id=8057)
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 7:59:45
-- 英文报刊佳句阅读（正在整理中。。。。）
1.The two leaders stated that both countries would develop good-neighborly and friendly relations on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence.
两位领导人声明，两国将在互相尊重主权和领土完整，互不侵犯，互不干涉内政，平等互利与和平共处的基础上发展睦邻友好关系。
In this sentence, the following contents should be addressed sufficient attention:
(1)in very formal occasion, the word "state" can have another alternative of "declare";
(2)the word "develop" can be matched with a noun "relation";
(3)some expressions:
non-aggression, non-interference :互不侵犯，互不干涉内政
co-existence:共存
（4）one phrase structure:good-neighbor can be turned to adjective form by adding -ly
山定子网友的观点：
广义、狭义、褒贬
农业是国民经济的基础。（广义）
Agriculture is the foundation of our national economy.
这些年来，我国的农业、林业、畜牧业和渔业都得到相应的发展。（狭义）
Over the years, corresponding developments have been made in our farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
我们要破除迷信，解放思想。
We should do away with all superstitions and emancipate the mind.
当前我们应努力克服个人主义和享乐主义各种错误思想。
Right now we should try hard to overcome all sorts of wrong ideas such as individualism and hedonism (or pleasure-seeking).
hyde 的拉丁语水平很高。
hyde has a pretty good command of Latin.
提高各级新干部的领导水平很有必要。
It is quite necessary to improve the art of leadership of our new government officials at all levels.
他那八十高龄的母亲已于上月去世。（褒义）
His mother passed away at an advanced age of eighty last month.
臭名昭著的麦卡锡终于一命乌呼哀哉！（贬义）
Notorious McCarthy did kick the bucket at long last!
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:00:19
--
2. The country’s stability depends on how well the president can groom a successor.
这个国家能否稳定取决于总统能否成功地培养一个接班人。
(1)"groom "here means To prepare, as for a specific position or purpose, in Chinese, we can say 使准备参加竞选，做好准备，训练。This word helps a lot to translate the whole sentence, to some degree, it is a key.
3. He accused the prime minister of burnishing his own image while folding under pressure.
他指责总理一方面在压力下退缩，一方面给自己脸上贴金。
In this sentence, such contents arouse my curiosity:
(1)a simple structure: accuse sb. of sth.
but the word "accuse" in legal English should be precisely expressed like this "指控" in Chinese. I think it should be paid attention to.
(2)now , the next word "burnish". It means "to make brighter by rubbing" , just like another word "polish". When it is used to describe a person, its mening occurs as "为...贴金；为...增光" in Chinese.
(3)the word "image" is a very usefule one to describe such an expression "形象"。
An example:我心目中的形象:the image in my heart
The politician has a very bad image among people.那位政治家在人民中的形象很差。
About this word, another two meaning should be remembered:
A.=One that closely or exactly resembles another; a double 翻版，酷似极像或完全像另一物的人或物；相似者
For example:He is the image of his uncle.他活象他叔叔的翻版
B.=A personification of something specified 象征，化身特定事物的拟人化
For example:That child is the image of good health.那个小孩就是健康的化身
(4)the last one should be the word "fold". As a vi., it has a mening as"To discontinue operating; close: 关闭中止操作；关闭" .Here, it has a transferred meaning as "退缩"in Chinese.
4. The opposition leader’s speech stole the headlines from the government.
反对党领袖的演讲在报纸上大出风头，使政府相形见绌。
This translation can be an unparallel one we should remember. The target sentence makes full use of the structure of "stole the headlines ", and makes a perfect translation.
Now, present another word to express the meaning of "相形见绌":
eclipse:
an outstanding performance that eclipsed the previous record.杰出的表演超越以前的记录(也就是说“使以前的表演相形见绌”)
another pattern for this word:
be eclipsed by sb.(相形之下)使...黯然失色; 使...远不如(某人)
5. He said that the release of the men gave the green light to terrorism.
他说，释放这些人，等于向恐怖主义活动开绿灯。
In this sentence, the structure"gave the green light to " means " to let the vehicles or passengers pass" in traffic. But here, it still has a transferred mening as "let something develop just as they be"
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:02:01
--
6. The CIA is drawing fire as its director is questioned over press leaks.
中央情报局被骂得焦头烂额，因为局长正因为报界泄密的问题接受质询。
(1)CIA=CENTUAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY，美国中央情报局；
（2）draw fire ，here means “招致猛烈抨击”；
（3）press leaks， here means “报界泄密”
When we talk of “新闻”， the first word occurs to us usually is news。But the "press" is nother word can be used, it has different meanings ,such as, "The collecting and publishing or broadcasting of news; journalism in general."; "The people involved in the media, as news reporters, photographers, publishers, and broadcasters."; "Commentary or coverage especially in newspapers or periodicals"
7.Albright played hardball by walking out of the meeting.
奥尔布莱特以退出会场的方式表示强硬的立场。
play hardball here means show very tough standpoint, protest or opposition.
and the word hardball can be used as an adjective, i.e., hardball questions，故意刁难，非常难回答的问题。
8. While the West goes about its business, Russia gains nothing by going off into a corner to sulk.
西方依然我行我素，而俄罗斯一无所获，只好缩在旮旯里生气。
go about one’s business here is a slang, expressed as "do just what one like".
go off into a corner to sulk can be literally translated into “走开到一个角落里生气”；
9. Blair is unlikely to roll back any of the previous ruling party’s major economic reforms.
布莱尔看来不可能从上届执政党推行的任何重大经济改革中退缩。
We should pay much attention to the expression roll back
10. The whiff of scandal, and particularly the cash-for-questions imbroglio,reminds the electorate that power concentrated in the hands of a single party for too long tends to corrupt.
尽管丑闻不大，而且这些来路不明的款项内情复杂，至今尚无定论，却也足以提醒选民：权力集中字一个政党手中过长就会产生腐败。
(1)a whiff of means a little, unimportant;
(2)n. -for-questions here expressed as "some thing with a dubious source";
(3)imbroglio means a difficult or intricate situation; an entanglement
11. A group of pragmatists are reorienting Iranian politics as the revolution fades into history.
(1) reorient means change the direction, relocate;
(2)fade into history refers to something or somebody buried by hostorical events and progrssively forgotten.
12. Legally, most experts agree, the case has some holes.
多数专家认为，从法律的角度来讲，这个案子有漏洞。
3. The newspaper story was quickly overrun by the White House spin machine[ public relations team].
报纸上的这条新闻很快就被白宫“说谎机器“（即白宫宣传机构）的编造淹没了。
(1)story in press means news;
(2)spin machine is a good expression in political news, it means an apparatus to formulate a story imaginative
(3)public relations的意思是”公关“，但是在资本主义国家，公司、的政府等公关机构等于我国的”宣传部“，这同我国一般群众理解的”公关“不尽相同，为了照顾中国人对”公关“的理解，此处将public relations译为”宣传“。
14. He blamed leaks for breakdown in the negotiations.
他把谈判失败归罪于泄密。
15. The negotiators struggled to finalize a deal.
谈判参加者努力做成一笔交易。
another expression for finalize a deal is clinch a deal.
16. Arabs and Jews alike are increasingly at risk in a climate of steadily rising tensions.
在紧张局势不断加剧这样一种（政治）气候中，无论是阿拉伯人还是犹太人都在冒越来越大的风险。
When climate has an abstract meaning, it means a prevailing condition or set of attitudes in human affairs
17. Her husband could be freed on bail within months.
她的丈夫有可能在几个月内交保释放。
注：bail can be used as a verb，i.e. She was bailed out of prison.（她被取保释放）
18. Harassment of minorities remains endemic in some quarters.
在某些地方，骚扰少数民族的现象依旧司空见惯。
注：minorities,少数民族。我国正式文件中把“少数民族“译为”Minority ethnic groups”,如： The Uygurs are one of China’s minority ethnic groups.（维吾尔族是中国少数民族之一）
19. The setting up of a credible oversight authority has curbed police brutality.
由于建立了一个可信任的监督机构，警察暴行受到了遏制。
注：oversight,监督，监管。
20. The number of complains is down simply because abused citizens have given up.
投诉减少，只是因为受害公民放弃投诉。
When I translate Chiese into English, a predicament often bewilders me, that is, I can't choose a suitable word for a Chinese expression. Now let's discuss such an topic.
The Chinese expression ' 理想的'' may find some similar words:
(1)agreeable means "to one's liking; pleasing."（令人愉快的，惬意的符合某人的爱好的；令人愉快的）。常常用来指某种气候，环境、氛围的“理想”；
（2）desirable means "Worth having or seeking, as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing:"(值得要的，值得找的因有用，有好处或令人高兴而值得要的，值得找的).常指工作、药效等达到令人满意的预期效果。
（3）ideal means "Conforming to an ultimate form or standard of perfection or excellence."(完美的与完美或理想的最终形式或标准一致的)或者“Completely or highly satisfactory:”（完全或相当令人满意的）。是指以某种标准衡量所达到的境界。
（4）perfect means "Being without defect or blemish:"( 完美的，完善的未受损害或玷污的)Completely suited for a particular purpose or situation(最适当的完全适合某特定目标或情况的)。是指某种体系，能力结构完美无缺。
（5）satisfactory means"Giving satisfaction sufficient to meet a demand or requirement; adequate."(令人满意的使要求或请求等得到充分满足的；满足的)。这个单词使用最频繁，相对“俗”一些。
上述5个单词都能表达“理想的”，satisfactory相对较俗；特别是前两个词使用的语境需要特别注意。
注：关于5个单词的分析，是结合本人平时学习的感受，仅仅是粗浅的。由于手边缺乏字典，望路过的高手斧正。
Stoke, fuel,spark辨析：
Stoke：
（1）＝To stir up and feed (a fire or furnace).给（火或火炉）添加燃料，拨旺（火或火炉）
（2）＝To feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace).给（炉子）添加燃料并照看火
（3）可以比喻，为经济增长提供后劲
fuel：
（1）＝To provide with fuel.加燃料
（2）＝To support or stimulate the activity or existence of: 激起支持或刺激活力与存在：
rhetoric that fueled the dissenters.刺激反对者的反问
（3）比喻含义同上
spark：
（1）＝To set in motion; activate:发动；触发：
The incident sparked a controversy.这一事件引发了一场争端
（2）＝To rouse to action; spur:激起运动；鼓舞：
A cheering crowd sparked the runner to triumph.加油的人群鼓舞着跑步运动员直到取得胜利
Reorientate, reposition,redirect辨析
Reorientate：
vt.使重定向
reposition：
n.
贮藏, 回原处
复位术
重新配置
vt., vi.
保存，存放
调换位置
例析：
reposition of one’s image重塑形象
redirect：
更改(信件等)姓名地址
再查问(证人等)
使改方向; 使改道
redirect overstaff
Saturday's event was organized by the NBC Universal Television Group and was aired its flagship NBC broadcast network and several affiliated cable networks.
周六的活动是由(美国)全国广播公司环球电视集团组织的，由它的旗舰公司NBC电视网和几家附属的有线电视网联合播出的
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:02:14
--
21.If Iraq sticks to the road map laid out for it by the United Nations, sanctions could be lifted without more ado.
如果伊拉克恪守联合国有关决议，那么无需更多的麻烦就能取消对它的制裁。
We should pay attention to the following expressions:
(1)road map：交通图、路线图。Now here it means the direction predetermined.
(2)ado=bustle; fuss; trouble; bother.
i.e.: much ado about nothing无事生非
(3)the word lift should be given enough attention to.It means "To revoke by taking back; rescind:"(撤销；解除)
i.e.:lifted the embargo.取消禁运
22.To ask that companies in such capital-intensive industries as oil exploration be swayed by the political whims of their home governments would rock business confidence.要求本国政府用经常是随心所欲的政治决策左右石油勘探等资本密集型行业中的公司，那就会动摇商界信心。
Some useful expressions:
Capital intensive资本密集型
Technology intensive技术密集型
Labor intensive劳动密集型
23.The plan gives the government a useful tool with which to allocate resources optimally.这项计划为政府优化资源配置提供了有效的手段。
Useful expressions:
(1) tool means “Something used in the performance of an operation”, can be translated into 手段
(2) optimize＝To make as perfect or effective as possible 使最优化使尽可能地完善或有效
(3) another word can be suitable for the expression for “优化” is “prioritize”. It means” To put things in order of importance 优先考虑以重要性为顺序进行排列”
i.e.: Everyone should take time to be alone, to prioritize and meditate
每个人都应花时间独处，以理清事物的轻重缓急和进行反省
24.The bribery scandal sparked a squabble between radicals and moderates in the parliament.
这个贿赂丑闻在国会激进派和温和派之间引发了一场争吵。
Spark相关词汇分析：
Spark：
（1）＝To set in motion; activate:发动；触发：
The incident sparked a controversy.这一事件引发了一场争端
（2）＝To rouse to action; spur:激起运动；鼓舞：
A cheering crowd sparked the runner to triumph.加油的人群鼓舞着跑步运动员直到取得胜利
The discovery sparked us to further study.这个发现鼓舞了我们去作进一步的研究。
as the sparks fly upward象自然规律那样确实无疑; 合乎道理, 的确, 不错
bright spark[口, 讽]精明的人, 生气勃勃的人
have a spark in one's throat[口]经常口渴, 喉咙渴得要命
make the sparks fly干得非常积极; 进行得非常热烈
not a spark of毫无, 一点都不
strike sparks out of sb.激发某人的聪明才智, 引起某人大发议论
spark sth. off (=sparkoff sth.)使爆炸, 引爆; [喻]导致; 引起
spark out断火; 无火花磨削
kindle：
（1）＝To arouse (an emotion, for example):激起（如感情）：
No spark had yet kindled in him an intellectual passion “任何火花都不能激起他有理智的热情”
Her cruelty kindled hatred in my heart.她的残暴激起了我的憎恨。
kindle the dry wood点燃干木
kindle the sky照亮天空
kindle an audience煽动听众
kindle sb. with [to] passion激发某人的感情
The setting sun kindled the sky.落日映红了天空。
（2）使…兴奋；激动
Her eyes kindled with excitement.她兴奋得两眼闪闪发光。
Her eyes kindled with joy.她的眼睛因喜悦而闪闪发光。
Arouse：
激起；唤起：
The odd sight aroused our curiosity.奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇
arouse sb. from sleep唤醒某人
arouse suspicion引起猜疑
arousesb.'s enthusiasm激起某人的积极性
arise:
＝To result, issue, or proceed:引起，发生，出自：
mistakes that arise from a basic misunderstanding.出自于基本上是误解的错误
Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。
How did this quarrel arise?这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的?
Agitate：
＝To stir up public interest in a cause: 鼓动；煽动激起对公众事业的兴趣：
agitate for a tax reduction.鼓动减免税收
His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他热情洋溢的讲话激动了群众。
She was much agitated by the bad news.坏消息使她的心绪很乱。
Provoke:
（1）＝To stir to action or feeling. 煽动激起行动或感情
（2）＝To give rise to; evoke: 引起使…出现；唤起，引起：
provoke laughter.引起一阵大笑
（3）＝To bring about deliberately; induce: 招致故意导致；招致：
provoke a fight.挑起一场战斗
一组区别：
1.Let my presumption not provoke thy wrath (Shakespeare). “希望我的揣测不会激起你的怒气”（莎士比亚）。
2. To incite is to provoke and urge on: Incite是激起和激励前进的意思：
A situation which in the country would have provoked meetings(John Galsworthy).
“一种要是在乡下会激起讨论的状况”（约翰·高尔斯华绥）。
3. Excite Excite especially implies the provoking of a strong reaction or powerful emotion:特指引起强烈的反应或激烈的情感：
The insurrection was incited by members of the outlawed opposition.
暴乱是由那些在逃的反对派成员挑起的。
4. Stimulate To stimulate is to excite to activity or to renewed vigor of action as if by spurring or goading:指似乎用马刺或木刺驱赶一样激起活力或使行动重新充满活力：
The play is bound to fail; the plot excites little interest or curiosity.
这出戏注定失败；情节激不起观众半点兴趣和好奇心。
Our vigilance was stimulated by our finding traces of a large . . . encampment (Francis Parkman).
“我们发现了一次大规模的驻营痕迹，这促使我们提高警觉”（弗兰西斯·帕克曼）。
5. Arouse and rouse suggest awakening, as from inactivity or apathy; rouse,the stronger term, often implies incitement to vigorous or animated activity or excitement of strong emotion: Arouse和 rouse含有使从不积极或冷漠状态中苏醒之意； rouse在语气上较强一些，指激发进行有活力或生机的活动或激起强烈的感情：
In a democratic society like ours, relief must come through an aroused popular conscience that sears the conscience of the people's representatives (Felix Frankfurter).
“在象我们这样一个民主社会中，只有当被唤起的公众的良知感染了民众代表的良知时，我们才能感到放心”（费利克斯·弗兰克福特）。
His mother . . . endeavored to rouse him from this passive state (Washington Irving).
“他的母亲…试图使他从消极的状态中振作起来”（华盛顿·欧文）。
The oceangoing steamers . . . roused in him wild and painful longings (Arnold Bennett). 6.To stir is to prompt to activity, to arouse strong but usually agreeable feelings, or to provoke trouble or commotion: Stir意思是使活跃、引起强烈但令人愉快的情感或引起麻烦或骚动：
It was him as stirred up th' young woman to preach last night (George Eliot).
“正是他鼓动了这个年青女子在昨天晚上进行布道”（乔治·艾略特）。
I have seldom been so . . . stirred by any piece of writing (Mark Twain).
“我很少…被一篇文章所感动”（马克·吐温）。
Men blame you that you have stirred a quarrel up (William Butler Yeats).
“男人们谴责你，因为你挑起了一场争端”（威廉·布特勒·叶芝）
radicals 激进派； moderates温和派
25.Recalcitrant backbenchers hamstrung the prime minister’s attempt to railroad the bill through the Commons.不屈不挠的后座译员们挫败了首相操纵下议院匆忙通过这个法案的企图。
Backbencher：后座议员(指英国下议院坐在后排的议员，即普通议员，包括首相在内的现任内阁成员和反对党的影子内阁成员坐在前排)
Hamstring:
（1）＝To cut the hamstring of (an animal or a person) and thereby cripple.割断（人或动物）的腿腱使之变为残废
（2）＝To destroy or hinder the efficiency of; frustrate. 使不起作用使无效或限制其效力的发挥；阻挠、挫败；减弱...的活动能力
another expessions for挫败
（1） frustrate
A＝To prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; 阻碍使不能达到其目的或满足其愿望；阻挠：
A persistent wind frustrated my attempt to rake the lawn.持续不停的风阻碍了我整理草坪的打算
B＝To cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in. 丧气引起受挫或泄气的情绪
C＝To make ineffectual or invalid; nullify.使无效果或无用；使无效
A poor memory frustrated her efforts to become an actress.
Thwartsuggests defeat by direct opposition:
糟糕的记忆力阻碍了她成为女演员。
（2）Thwart To foil is to defeat by or as if by outwitting, confounding, or disconcerting:表示被直接的反对力量击败：
He was thwarted at every step by political obstacles (William E.H. Lecky).
“他每一步都受到政治阻力的阻挠”（威廉·E·H·莱基）。
（3） Foil被或似乎被欺骗、混淆或惊慌击败：
The conspirators will be foiled in their intrigue. 阴谋家的阴谋将被挫败。
（3）Balk implies the placing of barriers or hindrances in another's way:
（4）Balk暗示在别人的路上设置障碍：
Time after time our hopes are balked (Herbert Spencer).
我们的希望一次又一次的受挫”（赫伯特·斯宾塞）
（5）cripple＝To disable, damage, or impair the functioning of: 削弱，损坏丧失、损坏或削弱…的功能：
a strike that crippled the factory.罢工使工厂陷于瘫痪
be financially crippled财政拮据
railroad:
（1）＝【非正式用语】To rush or push (something) through quickly in order to prevent careful consideration and possible criticism or obstruction: 使草率通过；迅速促成（某事）以避免认真的考虑和可能会遇到的批评或阻挠：
railroad a special-interest bill through Congress.促成一项特殊利益议案草率通过国会
（2）＝To convict (an accused person) without a fair trial or on trumped-up charges.
草率定罪；未经正常的审判或依据站不住脚的指控，宣判（一个被起诉的人）有罪
Commons：（前面与the连用）英国国会下院
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:02:46
--
26.To end the war in Bosnia, the West abandoned impartiality and junked the idea of proportionate response.为了结束波斯尼亚战争，西方放弃了不偏不倚的立场，摒弃了均衡反应的主张。
Junk:
Junk一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk一词源自古英语单词 jonk，其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。 Junk同样也用来指旧缆绳。当 junk普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为 junk一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop这一复合词中发现的。该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。 Junk仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品。
（1）把...当作废物丢掉
（2）把...分成块
He junked all his old furniture before moving into his new home.
他在搬入新居之前把所有的旧家具都当废物丢掉了。
Proportionate：
Adj.
成比例的成合适比例的；成比例的; 相称的, 均衡的
vt.
使相称, 使成适当比例, 使均衡; 使适应(to)
proportionate punishment to crimes按罪量刑
proportionate response均衡反应，指对战争（或争议）双方做出在力度、方式上均衡的反应。
27.The West may accommodate zigs and zags in Russian foreign policy as the prices for helping Yeltsin keep his job.
西方国家也许能够容忍俄罗斯外交政策曲折多变——这是为帮助叶利钦保住总统职位付出的代价。
Zig（行进路线、政策等的）政变方向，急变；
（1）＝To turn or change direction suddenly. Usually used in contrast to zag:
改变方向突然地改变方向，常与 zag对比使用：
When your opponent zigs, zag!当你的对手改变时，你也要改变
（2）＝To behave erratically or indecisively. Usually used with zag: 反复无常行为古怪或优柔寡断，常与 zag连用：
The market has zigged and zagged for months.市价起伏无常已有数月
Zag（曲折行程中方向的）急转，方向的突变。
n.
＝One of a series of sharp turns or reversals: 之字形一系列的急转弯或逆转：
many zigs and zags in the mountain road; 山路蜿蜒曲折；
the zigs and zags of the stock market. 股票市场的起落不定
v.intr.
（1）＝To turn or change direction suddenly. Usually used in contrast to zig:
急转突然转弯或改变方向。常与 zig对照使用：
The runner zigged when he should have zagged.赛跑运动员在应转弯的时候转弯
（2）＝To behave erratically or indecisively. Usually used with zig:
行为古怪或反复无常。常用与 zig连用：
zigging and zagging for years over the question of disarmament.多年来在裁军问题上总是反复不定
28.Japanese prime ministers tend to have a short shelf life and a weak brand image.
日本历届首相往往是上台不就就下台，而且品牌形象也欠佳。
备注：注意本句使用的两个商业词汇的比喻。
（1） shelf life商品的货架期，即商品摆在货架上出售的最大期限，例如在欧洲，面包的货架期最多为3天，过期卖不出去的予以销毁。
（2） brand image，品牌形象。
（3） 此处“首相”使用的是复数，指历届首相。
29.Without thorough-going reform, no amount of tinkering with the rules will get Mexico out of its murky political swamp.没有彻底的改革，无论怎样修补（政治游戏）规则也无法使墨西哥从尔虞我诈的政治泥沼中摆脱出来。
thoroughgoing adj.彻底的, 干劲十足的
thoroughpaced adj.(原指马的步伐)受过完善训练的; 十足的, 彻底的
thoroughpin n.(马的)跗关节肿胀
30.The opposition offered to draw a line under the abuses of the past, in return for seats in the transitional cabinet.反对党建议给过去执政党滥用权力划一条底线，以此换取过渡内阁的席位。
备注：the opposition＝the opposition party反对党
the party in power执政党
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:03:24
--
31.He is the standard bearer of those who still keep faith in the status quo.
备注：keep faith in 信守，坚守，坚持
status quo现状：to maintain the status quo
standard bearer旗手：Lu Xun was the standard bearer of the literary revolution.
32.If they think that that clinches the argument against deregulation of the economy, they miss a crucial point.如果他们认为那样做就能证明反对撤销经济调节之说言之有理，那么他们就没有抓住问题的要害。
Clinch：
（1）＝To settle definitely and conclusively; make final: 了结，结束明确地和最后地解决；最后确定：
The cocktail circuit is a constant and more contracts are clinched over pâté than over paper (Ann L. Trebbe)
“鸡尾酒巡回是经常性的，定购所消耗的鹅肝馅饼的合同比签订的合约要多得多”(安L.特雷比)
（2）＝确定；决定（贸易等）；达成买卖或合同
The two companies clinched the deal quickly.两家公司很快地成交了。
The offer of more money clinched it for her. She agree to undertake the job as the assistant to the managing director."由于薪酬增加而达成协议,她同意承担总经理助手的工作。"
本句中clinch的含义是：有充分证据的证明
regulation of the economy经济调节
deregulation of the economy撤销调节
调控用control：macro-economic control
33.Confidence is the ingredient needed to revive Nigeria’s chastened political fortunes.如欲复苏尼日利亚历经磨难的政治机运，信心乃是一个不可缺少的因素。
Ingredient：
成分, 要素
the –s of ice cream冰淇淋的各种成分
the –s of a man’s character形成一个人的人格的各种因素
chasten：
惩戒, 责罚; 折磨；抑制; 缓和；磨炼; 推敲(文章等); 纯洁(思想等)
chastened adj.精练的; 经磨练的; 变乖了的
34.A country’s legal responsibility toward genuine refugees should not be manipulated for political ends.一个国家对真正难民所承担的法律责任不应该被政治目的所左右。
35.The voter turnout was small and the margin tiny, in contrast to the previous election, when the Populist Party swamped the opposition, which was widely touted as a pro-business lobby.
选民参选率很低，两党得票差额很小，这与上次选举形成对照：在上次选举中，平民党以压倒多数的选票战胜了反对党，当时反对党被大事张扬地说成是商界利益代言人。
Turnout：
（1）＝The number of people gathered for a particular event or purpose; attendance: 到会者，聚集的人为特定的目的或事件集合的人；参加者：
The peace march attracted a large turnout.和平游行吸引了大量的参加者
（2）＝A number of things produced; output. 产出，产量生产的东西的数量
（3）＝A railroad siding.铁路旁轨，岔道
bilateral turnout对称道岔
common single turnout普通单开道岔
counter flexure turnout反向弯道岔
diamond turnout菱形道岔
double turnout复式道岔, 三开道岔
equilateral turnout对称道岔
facing turnout对向道岔
lateral turnout单开道岔(左开或右开)
slip turnout交分道岔
split turnout尖轨道岔
straight left [right]-hand turnout左开[右开]道岔
switching turnout(采矿)道岔, 错车道岔
three-throw turnout三开道岔
voter turnout：选民参选率
margin:
（1）＝A limit in a condition or process, beyond or below which something is no longer possible or acceptable: 极限一种情况或过程的极点，在这以上或以下某些事情就无法做到或无法被接受：
the margin of reality; 接近真实；
has crossed the margin of civilized behavior.超越了文明行为的限度
（2）＝An amount allowed beyond what is needed: 余地超过实际要求的一个数量：
a small margin of safety.不怎么安全
（3）＝A measure, quantity, or degree of difference: 差数，差额尺度、数量或程度上的不同：
a margin of 500 votes.五百张选票的差额
（4） 经济学中：
The minimum return that an enterprise may earn and still pay for itself.
边际收益企业赢利并能付清自身费用所需的最低利润
The difference between the cost and the selling price of securities or commodities.
盈余证券或商品的成本与销售价之间的差额
The difference between the market value of collateral and the face value of a loan.
贷款保证金的市面价格与面额之间的差价
An amount in money, or represented by securities, deposited by a customer with a broker as a provision against loss on transactions made on account.
交易保证金由客户付给经纪人的一笔钱或一定数目的证券，作为防止在帐面交易时发生损失的经费
V．
（1）＝To be a margin to; border.成为…的边；界定
（2）＝To inscribe or enter in the margin of a page.在书页边上作注释或记录
（3）＝To add margin to:交附加的保证金：
margin up a brokerage account.在交易户头上添加保证金
（4）＝To deposit margin for:给…付保证金：
margin a transaction.存入交易保证金
习惯用语：
by a comfortable margin时间充裕地, 以较大的多数
by a narrow margin比分相差不大地, 以微弱多数, 悬而又悬地
by a ... margin以...之差
by a wide margin广泛的回旋余地; 广泛的便宜行事的权力
Populist：
[美]人民党的(成员); [俄]民粹派的(成员)；[美史]平民党员,平民论者,民粹主义者
to be touted as被吹嘘成
Widely原意是“广泛地”，转译成“大事张扬地”
pro-：in favor of，supporting
This is a pro-U.S. 这是一个亲美组织
我喜欢的几个词缀：
（1）by-，bye-：less important
produce—by-produce
way—byway
（2）cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them
country—crosscountry
breed—crossbreed
（3）de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce
code—decode
value—devalue
（4）em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become
body—embody
power—empower
（5）en-：to cause to become；to make
danger—endanger
large—enlarge
（6）ex-：former ( and still living )
minister—ex-minister
wife—ex-wife
（7）extra-：outside；beyond
curricular—extracurricular
ordinary—extraordinary
（8）infra-：below in a range；beyond
red—infrared
structure——infrastructure
（9）inter-：between；among
change——interchange
national——international
（10）intra-：inside，within；into
city——intracity
department——intra-department
（11）mono-：one；single
plane——monoplane
tone——monotone
（12）poly-：many
centric——polycentric
syllabic——polysyllabic
（13）pseudo-：not real；false
name——pseudonym
science——pseudoscience
（14）sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger
whole
divide——subdivide
section——subsection
（15）trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between
Atlantic—transatlantic
plant—transplant
（16）ultra-: beyond; very, extremely
modern—ultramodern
sound—ultrasound
（17）under-: too little; below
develop—underdevelop
sea—undersea
（18）uni-: one, singer
form—uniform
directional—unidirectional
Yeti:
Two trivia for your interest
(I) Re: railroad , road, crossing etc.
Americans have a propensity of using acronyms. In the USA, you will
find this painted on the road RR Xing. That stands for
Railroad crossing (X is not the letter "x", but the sign "cross.")
(II) In some cities, dead-end streets are marked with the sign
"cul-de-sac." Cul-de-sac is a term of French origin that means a
dead-end-street.
36.He rose to prominence under the tutelage of a former prime minister, and is cosy with the main ministers.他是在一位前总理的亲自调教下功成名就的，因此他同内阁主要部门首长谨慎相处。
Analysis:
(1) to rise to prominence成功；功成名就
hit it big （Slang）＝To be successful:成功：
investors who hit it big on the stock market.投资者在股票市场上获得了成功
（2） tutelage保护；监护；教导；指导
（3） cosy
adj.
A.＝Marked by friendly intimacy. 亲切的以友好的亲密关系为特征的
B．＝Marked by close association for devious purposes: 勾结的出于不正当目的而紧密结合起来的：
a cozy agreement with the competition.和赛会之间的暧昧关系
V．
＝To try to get on friendly or intimate terms; ingratiate oneself:尽力维持友好或亲密关系；奉承…：
out on the . . . hustings, cozying up to reactionaries and racists alike (Chuck Stone)
“在演讲台外…讨好反动主义者和种族主义者”(查克·斯通)
be cosy with 谨慎从事
37.The State Department countered the accusation with a blizzard of statistics purporting to show improvement.
Analysis:
(1) the State Department专指美国国务院，相当于其他国家的外交部。中国的国务院英译：the State Council.
(2) Blizzard（原意为A very heavy snowstorm with high winds. 大风雪伴随有大风的大雪），此处＝A torrent; a superabundance:连续不断；过多：
The White House received a blizzard of phone calls.白宫接到连续不断的电话
（3）purport＝To have or present the often false appearance of being or intending; profess: 声称，假充带有或提供与内容或意图相违背的外在表现；声称：
selfish behavior that purports to be altruistic.自称是利他主义的自私行为
This book purports to be an original work but it is actually a compilation.这本书自称是原著，实际上是编撰而成的集子。
38.Talks between the two sides, brokered by the U.S. ambassador, have reached a stalemate.由美国大使说合的双方谈判陷入僵局。
Analysis:
（1）broker ：从词源的角度来说，送礼物给经纪人是有一番道理的。因为 broker一词也许通过英国法语的词源 brocour，abrocour与西班牙语 alboroque形成亲属关系，而后者意为“一笔交易做成时作为礼节性的礼品”。 如果这一关系的确存在，那么西班牙语词汇和英国法语词汇中都有“交易”这一概念。因为 brocour指做交易的中间人。英语单词 broker第一次被发现使用，是在1355年的中世纪英语中，距我们发现它的为人熟知的复合词 pawnbroker（1687年第一次被记录下来）和 stockbroker（1706第一次被记录下来）已有好几个世纪了。
V．＝To arrange or manage as a broker:作为中间人来安排、设法：
broker an agreement among opposing factions.促成反对派达成一项协议
（2）to reach a stalemate陷入间僵局
break the stalemate打开僵局
break the ice
打破沉默, 首先发言; 打破僵局, 消除隔阂, 在某种微妙的事情上采取初步措施; 着手做(危险、困难的事情)
Some phrases with ice:
as chaste as ice像冰一样坚贞
as cold as ice冰冷; 冷若冰霜
be made of ice是冰做的;冷若冰霜
cut not much ice with sb.(对...)无效; 没有影响; 没有意义
cut not much ice(对...)无效; 没有影响; 没有意义
cut no ice with sb.(对...)无效; 没有影响; 没有意义
cut no ice(对...)无效; 没有影响; 没有意义
on ice成功或实现的机会很大; 在狱中; 储备; 搁置; 暂缓
on thin ice如履薄冰, 处境极其危险; 站不住脚
put...on ice[美俚]把...忘掉; 把...搁置; 杀死; 有把握把...握在手中
skate over thin ice处在风险中; 处在需要慎重从事的情况下;巧妙地处理难题; 机智地应付危机
skate on thin ice处在风险中; 处在需要慎重从事的情况下;巧妙地处理难题; 机智地应付危机
straight off the ice立刻; 立即; 新鲜的(食物)
ice over结冰; 由冰层复盖
ice up结上一层冰, 由冰层复盖
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:03:57
--
39.Loopholes in the proposed tax law could mean that it is in for a bumpy ride when it goes before the Senate, and may even be quashed by a presidential veto.
建议中的税法漏洞百出，被参议院通过的前景十分艰难，即使通过，也可能因被总统否决而无效。
Analysis:
(1)a bumpy ride means a ride marked by bumps and jolts; a rough ride
a bumpy flight.一次颠簸的飞行
(2)美国参、众两院：the State、House of Representatives
(3) quash:法律用语，撤销、废止、宣布无效
40.The judiciary, not local tribunals, should have the last word in electorial disputes.对于选举争议，只有政府司法部门而不是地方法庭才有裁决权。
Analysis:
(1) judiciary一个国家的司法部或司法系统。judiciary proceedings审判程序
(2) tribunal一般指审理特定案件的法庭。Military tribunal军事法庭
41.The party held a fund-raising dinner for fat cats at $ 25 million a plate.
这个党专邀大亨的募集资金宴会，入席费高达2500万美元。
Analysis:
(1) fat cat n.<美俚>有钱有势的人; vi. 谋求特权
(2) plate做“席位”讲
42.Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia is his country’s man of the moment---and most likely of the future.
马来西亚的安瓦尔.易卜拉辛眼下是他祖国的新闻人物－－将来十之八九也是如此。
备注：man of the moment的翻译，参见man of the year（本年度新闻人物）
43.The death of the Princess of Wales unleashed outpourings of newly-coined honorifices, for instance “ a present-day Cinderlla whose clock struck midnight all too soon.”威尔士亲王妃之死，导致有关她的敬语如潮水一般涌流出来，比如有人说她是“当今的灰姑娘，只是午夜钟声过早地敲响。”
44.“The manifesto of the government is neither a rigid blueprint nor vapid rhetoric,” he said.他说：“政府的宣言既不是要求苛严的行动计划，也不是空洞无物的夸夸其谈。”
Analysis:
(1) blueprint 行动计划，也有初步计划之意；
(2) the Communist Manifesto《共产党宣言》
45.There is a need not only for clever sensors to pick up signs of nuclear mischief, but also for speedy on-site inspection to check on suspicious activity.
不仅有必要用精密的传感器确定各种核捣乱的迹象，而且要对可疑活动迅速实施现场检查。
Analysis:
On-site＝on-the-spot现场的
46.A test-ban treaty requires hard-nosed talks among the nuclear powers, backed by tough verification measures.“核禁试条约”不仅要求核大国之间进行务实的对话，而且要以严格的核查措施作后盾。
hard-nosed adj.<美俚>顽强的, 倔强的, 顽固的, 精明的, 讲究实际的
47.With his previous outright majority, Prime Minister Klaud could rely on parliament to rubble-stamp his policies.由于在议会中获得了压倒多数的优势，克劳德总理有可能随心所欲地转让议会给他的政策上盖上橡皮图章。
48. After 16 months of bickering the Northern Ireland parties reached a landmark compromise that clears the way for substantive talks.
经过长达16个月的争吵之后，北爱尔兰各政党终于达成了为实质性谈判扫清道路的里程碑式的妥协。
Analysis:
(1) landmark:
n.
＝An event marking an important stage of development or a turning point in history.
里程碑事物发展过程中重要阶段的事件或历史的转折点
adj.
＝Having great import or significance:有重大意义或影响的：
a landmark court ruling; 深具意义的法庭裁定；
a landmark decision.一项重大的决定
milestone：
＝An important event, as in a person's career, the history of a nation, or the advancement of knowledge in a field; a turning point. 里程碑，转折点在个人事业、国家的历史或某一领域知识的发展上所发生的重大事件；转折点
The invention of the computer was a milestone in the history of man.计算机的发明是人类历史上的一件大事。
The invention of the wheel was a milestone in the history of the world.发明轮子是世界历史上的重大事件。
epoch-making / epochmaking
＝So significant and momentous as to characterize the beginning of a period: 开创新纪元的意义如此之重大以致标志着一个时代的开始：
the President's epoch-making trip to China; 总统划时代的中国之行；
epoch-making new technologies;开创新纪元的新科技；
an epoch-making architectural work.划时代的建筑工程
epochal：
＝Highly significant or important; momentous:有重大或重要意义的；极其重要的：
epochal decisions made by Roosevelt and Churchill.罗斯福和邱吉尔做出的有重大意义的决定
＝Without parallel:无与伦比的：
epochal stupidity.无与伦比的愚蠢
49.The forming of an electoral coalition between the two parties was a new blow to the beleaguered Christian Democrats.这两个党在大选中结盟，使四面楚歌的基督教民主党再次遭受打击。
Analysis:
(1) electoral coalition大选联盟，指在大选中两个或更多的政党联合逐鹿。
(2) beleaguer
A.＝To harass; beset: 困扰；骚扰
We are beleaguered by problems.我们被许多困难所困扰
be beleaguered with annoyance为烦恼所折磨
B.＝To surround with troops; besiege. 围困用军队包围；围攻
50.Although the charges stem from incidents complained of a decade ago, the former president has only recently been indicted, raising suspicions of a political cover-up.尽管引发指控的事件早在10年前就被投诉，但是这位前总统直到最近才被起诉，这就使人们怀疑有人玩弄政治，企图包庇。
Analysis:
(1) stem V.
A.＝To make headway against: 抵抗逆…而行：
managed to stem the rebellion.试图抵抗反叛
B.＝To have or take origin or descent. 起源于由…发生，起源或源于
customs stemming from the past; 来自过去的习俗；
similar expressions:
rights deriving from citizenship; 公众享有的权利；
disapproval emanating from the teacher; 教师表示出的异议；
happiness that flows from their friendship; 他们的友谊溢出的幸福；
prejudice that issues from fear; 出于担心的偏见；
a proposal originating in the Congress; 国会提出的建议；
a mistake that proceeded from carelessness; 由于粗心导致的错误；
rebellion rising in the provinces; 省里起的叛乱；
new industries springing up.蓬勃兴起的新工厂
(2) former president ＝ex-president
(3) cover-up n.掩饰, 隐蔽，转义为“包庇，欲盖弥彰”
(4) indict起诉，特别指大陪审团对被告的起诉
prosecute公诉人起诉
sue民事起诉
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:04:42
--
51.Washington says it will only pay its dues to the United Nations if the world body refrains from attacking the U.S. and meets a laundry list of other demands.
华盛顿表示，要想让它交纳会费，联合国就得停止攻击它，还得满足它提出的一长串杂七杂八的其他要求。
Analysis:
(1) world body世界组织
(2) laundry list指不明巨细的细目清单
52.Public outrage over his appointment—loudly condemned as cronyism—forced the minister to resign just 12 days after taking up the portfolio.对这位部长的任命引起公愤，公众高呼这是任人唯亲，迫使这位部长就职之后仅12天就辞去职务。
Analysis:
（1） Public outrage公愤，公众被冒犯
（2） Cronyism【美语】任人唯亲。crony密友, 老朋友, 亲密的伙伴
（3） Portfolio
A.＝The office or post of a cabinet member or minister of state.
内阁阁员或部长的职务或职位
B.＝A group of investments.一组投资
C．＝The materials collected in such a case, especially when representative of a person's work: 公文装于上述箱子中的材料，尤指有关一个人所作的材料：
a photographer's portfolio; 摄影师的资料；
an artist's portfolio of drawings.画家的作品
53.The Malaysian stock market has been battered by investors, a spillover from the economic meltdown in neighbouring Thailand.股票投资者重创马来西亚股票市场，这是受其邻国－－泰国经济灾难的间接影响出现的。
Analysis:
(1) spillover＝A side effect arising from or as if from an unpredicted source: 伴随的结果好象出人意料的副作用；因某种商品不足而引起对其他有关商品的需求; 伴随的效果。在本句中作“间接影响”
The income from their garage sale was a spillover from their habit of not throwing anything away.
他们汽车间的拍卖所得是他们从不扔掉任何东西的习惯所带来的意外收获。
（2）meltdown,【美俚】原意是“Severe overheating of a nuclear reactor core, resulting in melting of the core and escape of radiation.（熔炉由熔解原子核及辐射的释放引起的原子核反应之极度过程）”。此处指“A situation likened to the melting of a nuclear reactor core:（灾难被比作原子反应核熔化之情况）“
After several corporate meltdowns, only two reporters remain in [the] bureau经历了几次灾难之后，分局只剩下了两名记者
54.The banning of currency trading is the modern equivalent of replacing the coin of the Realm with cowrie shells.在现代社会中，禁止货币交易等于用原始贝币取代英格兰王国硬币－这纯粹是历史的倒退。
Analysis:
(1) currency trading货币交易
(2) cowrie shells是非洲、西亚的原始贝壳货币
(3) the Realm＝the Great Britain指大不列颠形成之前的英格兰王国（英格兰王国时代没有纸币，人们使用硬币）
本句涵盖历史文化知识，故此句末加上解释。
55.A former student firebrand who languished in a detention camp, he now spends personal time pressing the flesh on the campaign trail.学生时代的他是个狂热的极端分子，曾在拘留营备受煎熬；而现在的他在竞选的旅行中连吃饭、睡觉时间都用来与选民亲近。
Analysis:
(1) firebrand: A person who stirs up trouble or kindles a revolt. 煽动叛乱者，挑动争端者挑起麻烦或引起叛乱的人;A piece of burning wood.燃烧着的木头
(2) personal time＝private time 指一个人用于吃喝拉撒睡的时间(同spare time 有区别)
(3) to press the flesh指在选举中与选民握手来选票，转译为“亲近”
(4) campaign trail竞选旅行
56.A number of activist mayors are transforming their cities into paragons of innovation.一些持行动主义观点的市长正在把自己的城市改造成为创新的典范。
Paragon：
（1）＝A model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless example: 典型，模范一类中杰出或完美的模式；无可匹敌的范例：
a paragon of virtue.美德的典范
Man is the paragon of animals.人是万物之灵。
（2）＝An unflawed diamond weighing at least 100 carats. 无瑕钻石至少重100克拉的无瑕钻石
（3）＝A very large spherical pearl. 大珍珠一颗很大的圆形珍珠
（4）＝ 【印刷术】A type size of 20 points.20点活字
V.
（1）＝To compare; parallel.把…作比较；相比
（2）＝To equal; match.比得上；匹敌
adj.
品质极高的, 极佳的
一系列联系：
paragon、nonesuch、nonpareil
The central meaning shared by these nouns is a person or thing so excellent as to have no equal
Paris, the paragon of cities; 巴黎是众多城市的完美典范；
a suspension bridge that is the nonesuch of beauty and utility; 一座成为美观和实用典范的吊桥；
thought her grandchildren were nonpareils.觉得她的孙子们是无与伦比的人物
57.Once in a while, a tragedy occurs which touches even the most case-hardened heart.悲剧不时发生，连那些麻木不仁的人们也有所触动。
case-hardened adj. 表面硬化的, 定型的, 无感觉的, 麻木的
58．It is a cosmetic solution, and as soon as the non-military side of the equation collapses, so too will the precarious peace.
这个解决冲突的方案不过摆摆样子罢了，一旦等式一边的非军事措施失败，另一边岌岌可危的和平便会立即崩溃。
Analysis:
cosmetic:
A.＝Something superficial that is used to cover a deficit or defect. 掩饰物，指用于掩盖不足或缺点的某种肤浅的东西
cosmetic concessions摆样子的让步
B．＝Lacking depth or significance; superficial:缺少深度或重要性的；肤浅的；表面的：
made a few cosmetic changes when she took over the company.她接管公司后做了一些表面化的改革
59.The pragmatist mayors pride themselves on being result-oriented.
这些讲究实用的市长们以恪守“效果至上”为荣。
result-oriented“以效果为导向”，转义为“效果至上”
The structure of “-oriented ” is a very important pattern , commonm in Chinadaily:
export-oriented economy 外向型经济
export-oriented industry出口创汇型产业
culture-oriented travel 文化旅游
welfare-oriented public housing distribution system福利分房
poverty reduction through development projects; development-oriented poverty relief开发式扶贫
market-oriented employment mechanisms市场导向的就业机制
examination-oriented education system应试教育
关于“素质教育”：the quality education；education for all-around development；
义务教育 compulsory education
远程教育 distance learning
学历教育 education with record of formal schooling
“填鸭式”教育：spoon-fededucation
60.There was a decade of tense jokeying, finger-wagging and name-calling between the British and Chinese governments.英、中两国政府曾经在整整10年中时而互斗智谋，时而相互指责，时而对骂。
Analysis:
(1) jokey开玩笑，此处作“耍花招”
(2) finger-wagging（挥动手指头）吵架
(3) name-calling（用脏话）骂人
61.There is a glimmer of hope that the Muslin fundamentalists will return to the negotiating table.穆斯林原教主义者仍有一线希望回到谈判桌来。
Glimmer:
（常与of连用）一丝光线；微小的信号
a glimmer of hope一线希望
a glimmer of intelligence很少一点情报
V.
＝To appear faintly or indistinctly:隐约出现、闪现：
Hope still glimmered in our minds.我们脑中仍有一些希望
Similar expressions:
flicker
＝A brief or slight sensation: 短暂的念头短暂而轻微的感觉：
a flicker of doubt.一丝疑虑
a weak flicker of hope一线希望的闪现
62.NATO spokesmen scrambled to minimize the flap over the latest debacle.北约发言人极力减小最近这场大失败引起的恐慌。
Analysis:
(1) NATO ＝North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织
(2) Scramble＝To struggle or contend frantically in order to get something: 争夺为了得到某物而疯狂地争夺或者争斗：
scrambled for the best seats.争夺最好的座席
转义：
炒(鸡蛋)：scramble eggs炒蛋
使混杂; 搅乱：
scramble the pages of a manuscript把手稿的页码搞乱
Bad weather scrambled the air schedules.恶劣的天气把飞机班次打乱了。
收集, 凑拢：Scrambling up her hair, she darted out of the house.她匆忙扎起头发, 冲出房去。
勉强拼凑：scramble for a living勉强凑合着过日子
（3）flap：＝A commotion or disturbance:骚动，不安：
a flap in Congress over the defense budget.由于国防预算引起的国会慌乱
63.It is doubtful if Kofi Anan has the clout to get the recalcitrant Saddam Hussein to back dowm.科菲.安南能否使冥顽不化的萨达姆.侯赛因打退堂鼓，现在难以定论。
Analysis:
(1)clout:＝Influence; pull: 影响影响；引力：
All the evidence showed that Russia does not have that kind of clout in the Far East any more。“所有证据都表明在远东地区俄罗斯不再具有那样的影响”
Cast not a clout till May be out.未吃五月粽， 莫把棉衣送。
（2）back down v. 放弃原主张, 取消前言
64.Asian values are not necessarily authoritarian; they can easily accommodate the aspirations of civil society.亚洲价值观并不一定是权力主义的；这些价值观能够很快容纳文明社会的理念。
Analysis:
(1) value:
A.＝Worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor; utility or merit: 益处，有用性对于拥有者来说，在用处或重要性上的价值；用处或好处：
the value of an education.教育的益处
B.＝A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable: 价值标准被认为是值得的或需要的一种原则、标准或性质：
The speech was a summons back to the patrician values of restraint and responsibility “这个演说旨在在贵族们心中呼唤克制和责任感的价值标准”
C＝The relative darkness or lightness of a color: 明暗关系色彩的相对的明暗关系：
I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the painting into three values ，dark, medium . . . and light “我通过在作品上安排三种明暗关系——暗、过度…以及明亮的办法建立了色彩和首要的明暗关系”
（2）accommodate：
A＝To make suitable; adapt.使适应；使符合。相当于 adapt
B＝To allow for; consider:允许；考虑：
an economic proposal that accommodates the special needs and interests of the elderly.一项考虑老年人特殊要求和利益的经济提案
C＝To settle; reconcile.解决；和解
D＝To become adjusted, as the eye to focusing on objects at a distance. 适应，调节使调整，如眼睛盯住远处的物体
65.The assumption that the moment you have a more open society you invite internecine strife underpins the conservatism of the military.一个较为开放的社会一旦形成，立刻就会爆发相互残杀的内讧－－这种臆断，乃是军方保守立场的确证。
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:05:20
--
66.In the context of escalating violence, decommissioning is no more than a fashionable buzz word, and will not lead to the guerrillas laying down their arms.
在暴力不断升级的情况下，解除军官军职只不过是时髦的空话，游击队不会因此而放下武器。
Analysis:
(1) context＝The circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting. 背景事件发生于其中的环境；背景
(2) decommission＝To withdraw (a ship, for example) from active service. 使退役使（军舰）退出现行的公共事务
(3) buzz word行话, 术语。这里指华而不实的空话。Buzz Words在信息搜索中无意义的字或词,如常用词do等等
67.Cities all around the Pacific are battening down the hatches as El Nino threatens meteorological mayhem.厄尔尼诺现象即将造成世界气象大混乱，各国未雨绸缪，都在紧锣密鼓地做应变准备。
Analysis:
(1) batten down the hatches“钉上舱口压条封闭舱口”，航海术语，指暴风雨到来之前水手赶紧密封舱室，尤其是储存饮用水和食品的舱室。
Batten引申义：
A.＝To become fat变肥
B＝To thrive and prosper, especially at another's expense: 中饱私囊，慷他人之慨尤指以损害别人为代价而养肥自己，繁荣，兴旺：
slumlords who batten on the poor.破屋的房东专以损害穷人的利益而中饱私囊
（2）meteorological mayhem气象大混乱
（4） threaten：
A. 有...的预兆; 预示着...的危险；象要发生; 快要来临
The day before attack, a rain-storm threatened.在进行攻击的前一天, 看来要有一场暴雨。
The clouds threaten rain.云预示有雨。
The river of liquid rock threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.这股岩浆威胁着要将他团团围住,但泰哲夫还是设法及时躲开了。
Similar expressions:
threaten menace intimidate
These verbs mean to foretell or give signs of impending peril, evil, or injury. Threaten most often refers to an indication of something disquieting or ominous, to appearance or action calculated or serving to deter, or to something that is a source of danger:
threaten :a crack that threatened to become a split“一条有裂开危险的缝”
No future peace can be maintained if . . . armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers “假如…各国继续使用武力威胁或可能威胁进攻疆界之外的武力话，和平就不会存在” （大西洋宪章）。
The heretics were persecuted . . . because their beliefs threatened the vested interest of that day. “异教徒受到迫害…因为他们的信仰威胁到了当时既定的利益”
Menace经常强调吓唬人的敌意的意图、效果或结果：
A new and formidable danger menaced the western frontier. “一个新的可怕的危险威胁着西部边界”。
Intimidate指威胁且充满恐惧：
an overall strategy by [the country's] leaders to reaffirm their revolutionary credentials in the eyes of the . . . world, to intimidate smaller countries in the region.
“领导人的整体战略 重申他们放眼世界的…革命资格，以恐吓该地区的小国”
68.In a 1974 referendum, the islands opted to remain a department of France.在1974年的公民公决中，这个群岛决定继续保持法国的一个省的地位。
Analysis:
(1) referendum直接公民投票; 请示书,外交使节致本国政府请求指示的短信
(2) department法国、巴拉圭等国家的一个省（其他国家多数用province）
69. In the absence of a bailout from the World Bank, the country will have to overhaul its economy and trim its budget.没有世界银行紧急援助，这个国家不得不全面实行改革经济，同时削减预算。
Analysis:
(1) bailout
n.
A＝a rescue from financial difficulties: 紧急融资从财政困境中解脱出来;紧急援助(尤指经济上的援助)
corporate bailouts.集体财政紧急援助
B. 应急跳伞; 将优先股发给股东作为红利之行为
Adj.
救援行动的;应付紧急状况的
(2) overhaul
A＝to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs. o examine or go over carefully for needed repairs.检查, 大修; 彻底检查
a general overhaul普查, 大 修
undergo a thorough overhaul受彻底检查
B＝to make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate: 革新对…做全面革新或修订；革新：
proposals to overhaul the health care system.全面改革保健制度的建议
(3) trim
A＝to remove (excess) by cutting: 削减通过缩减而去除（多余的）：
trim a budget.削减预算
B＝to remove the excess from by or as if by cutting: 加工整理通过或好象通过裁减或切割而从（某物）上去除多余的：
trimmed off the rotten wood.整修去除腐木
n.
＝State of order, arrangement, or appearance; condition: 情形状态次序、安排或外表的状况；情况：
in good trim.状况很好
70.Nationalistic rhetoric is often used to veil criticism of the authorities.民族主义的豪言壮语，往往被用来掩盖对当局的批评。
Analysis:
rhetoric雄辩，辩才说话或写作的风格，尤指一种特殊主题的语言：
fiery political rhetoric.激昂的政治语言风格
备注：这是西方政界、新闻界攻击中国的一个主要观点，要注意。
71.The nucleus of the Taliban is a secretive clique, which is surrounded by a host of young zealots.塔利班的核心是一个遮遮掩掩的小集团，外围是一班年轻的狂热分子。
Analysis:
Clique集团，带有贬义，类似于gang.
The Jiang Qing-Lin Biao clique
72.Largesse from outside backers dried up after the rebels achieved their goal.在反叛者达到目的之后，来自外国支持者的慷慨捐赠也就枯竭了。
Largesse慷慨的大宗捐赠
73.The U.S. applauded the extremists’ stand on law and order, despite their knuckle-dragging views on women’s rights.美国为极端分子在法律和秩序方面采取的立场拍手叫好，尽管他们关于妇女的观点愚蠢到了极点。
knuckle-dragging 美俚，极端愚蠢、无知。
74.South America has unshackled its trade, restructured its rickety banks and tightened its fiscal belt.南美洲开放了贸易，整顿了自己摇摇欲坠的银行，压缩了财政开支。
Analysis:
(1) unshackle＝ to free from or as if from shackles.把…从锁链中或仿佛从锁链中解放出来.转义：使自由，解放
(2) restructure
A.＝To alter the makeup or pattern of 重建，改组改变组成或式样；
serious efforts to restructure third world debt“重组第三世界债务的真诚努力”
B.＝To make a basic change in (an organization or a system, for example) 重建，调整进行基本变革（例如在一个组织或系统中）
C.整顿、改革：restructure the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises整顿大中型国有企业
similar expressions in Chinadaily:
企业重组 reshuffle of the enterprises
企业兼并重组 annexation and reorganization of enterprises
资产重组 reorganized assets; assets reorganization
金融重组financial reorganization
金融重组 financial reorganization
（4） tighten the belt：束紧裤带（为克服困难厉行节约），本句是“压缩财政开支”
tighten the screws v.拧紧螺丝, 加强控制
75.There is greater transparency in Latin American economic decision-making, but Brazil is the region’s wild card.拉丁美洲各国的经济决策有了较大的透明度，巴西却是这个地区的未知数。
wild card n. （纸牌中的）百搭，百搭牌，也就是“（打出）出其不意的牌”
76.The Asian financial crisis has spawned a new breed of sweatshops, just as the international community is tightening the screws on unscrupulous entrepreneurs.亚洲经济危机产生了无数新一代的血汗工厂，这种情况恰恰发生在国际社会对贪财不义的企业家增大压力的时候。
Analysis:
(1) spawn
A.＝ to produce in large numbers.大量生产
B.＝to give rise to; engender:造成；使产生：
tyranny that spawned revolt.残暴统治激起了叛乱
（2）breed
n.
＝A kind; a sort:种类，类型：
a new breed of politician; 与众不同的政治家；
a new breed of computer.新型的计算机
a new breed of sheep新品种的羊
Scholars are a quiet breed.学者们大都沉默寡言。
a breed of dog某一品种的狗
The islanders are a strong breed of people.这些岛上的居民是一种体格强壮的人。
v.
A＝to rear or train; bring up.养育，训练；抚养
B＝to be the place of origin of.是…的产地
C＝to originate and thrive:繁殖，旺盛生长：
Fads breed in empty heads and full purses.流行时尚从空虚的头脑和鼓胀的钱包中产生
Idioms:
breed a scab on (one's) nose or breed scabs on (one's) nose为自己招惹麻烦
breed up a storm(New England) 乌云密布
bred-in-the-bone adj.根深蒂固的; 本性难移的
ill bred没有教养
well bred有教养
bred and born (＝born and bred)出身与教养
of the bull -dog breed顽强无畏的, 刚毅果断的
What's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh.[谚]本性总要表现出来。
breed in and in近亲交配繁殖
breed out在人工繁殖过程中消除(品种的特性)
breed out and out(动物的)异种繁殖
breed true (to type)生出幼畜酷似其亲(指动物等言); 生出纯种的幼畜
breed up养育, 教育, 养成
（3）sweatshop n.血汗工厂(指工人劳动条件差,工作时间长,工资低的工场或工厂)
77.Britain is already a stakeholder economy, with market forces muted, distorted and regulated wherever you look.
英国经济已经沦为投机股本持有者经济，无论在哪里，市场力量都遭到抑制、扭曲乃至控制。
Analysis:
1. stakeholder：赌金保管人；享有股份或利润的人。本句中转译为“投机股本持有者”；
2. mute:
A.＝to soften or muffle the sound of.减弱…的声音
B.＝to soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of. 使…柔和使声音、颜色、暗影或色度变得柔和
本句中，转译为“使。。。。受到抑制”
78.Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo could unravel the rump Federation of Yugoslavia.
在科索沃发生的种族清洗很可能使已经大大缩小的南斯拉夫联盟进一步解体。
Analysis:
1. unravel:＝to separate and clarify the elements of (something mysterious or baffling); solve.分散并澄清（神秘或让人迷惑的事物）的构成元素；解开.可以转译为“解开, 拆开(毛线, 绳索等)；阐明, 解决；弄清楚（秘密）”，此处指“解体”（一般来说，“解体”使用disintegrate）。
2. rump原意是“小的，低劣的”，此处转译为“已经大大缩小的”是为了表达作者真实含义，即一些共和国已经从南斯拉夫联盟分离开来。
3. Ethnic cleansing种族清洗
79.Central Paris ground to a halt when electricity workers went on strike to protest swingeing wage cuts.
1. ground是grind的过去式；grind to a halt 原意是“一切停顿”，转译为“瘫痪”；
2. swingeing，（英国口语）巨大的，巨额的
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:07:40
--
个人对翻译的一点认识：
翻译，是一门艺术，有其浑然天成的体系结构。上述例句告诉我们：翻译的初步要熟悉词，它的本义、引伸义，还有在不同专业层次的表达；其次，还有常见的词类搭配所构成的“结构式”涵义（效应）。更重要的还要掌握英语，作为一门语言的文化背景知识。这样，才能使自己的译文（汉语）能表达原文（source language）的概貌。汉译英更难，我们熟悉自己的汉语（我是处于浅层次的），但是英语汉译时的“择词”相当难。因为我们无法把握词的思想内涵，难以确定词的雅俗之分、大小之分和难易之分，更难以体现自己句子的气势，直译太生硬，意译太游离，好不容易找到一词，生搬硬套进来又窒息了句式灵活性。总之，一个字“难”。
上述仅仅是自己的体会，当然，不能代表大家的感触。说出来的目的，是为了将我在英语中遨游的这几个月的烦恼说出来而已。大家见笑了，还望能不啬指教，再次感谢各位老师和朋友。
Now give some examples to illuminate the contents above.
词的本义与引伸义：
translate: Sir Pitt Crawley was a philosopher with a taste for what is called low life.
From: Vanity Fair
The most important part is the comprehension of the word philosopher. In traditional American dictionary gives explanation as follow
a person who is calm and rational under any circumstances.
理解了上文以后，我们可以看到把philosopher当作名词处理，很难译出来。如果把名词转译为动词，结果豁然开朗。参考译文：毕脱.克劳莱爵士为人豁达，喜欢所谓的下层阶级生活。
词的不同专业领域表达：
"charge"涵义知多少？
1、费用：service charge服务费；
2、责任：in charge of 负责；
3、装料：furnace charge炉料；
4、电荷：induced charge感应电荷；
5、装药：shaped charge锥孔炸药
再解“develop”
1、发展：
agriculture develpopment
social development
industrial develpopment
development in foreign affairs
2、开发
water-power development
oil-field development
development of natural resouerces
interllectual development
3、研制
advanced development远景产品研制，样机试制
under development
engineering development
operatinal development产品改进性研制
exploratory development探索性研制
4、开拓
ore development
lateral development水平开拓
5、展开（用于数学）
series development级数展开
development of function函数的展开
6、显影
chemical development化学显影
over development显影过度
time development定时显影
The shade meaning of "power":
【数学】乘方、幂
The sixth power of two is sixty-four.
【力学】
力：horse power
功率：rated power额定功率
【电学】
电力：power network
电源：power switch
功率：power export
【化学】
能：chemical power
本领：catalytic power催化本领
化合价：Aluminium has a conmbining power of three.
【机械】
动力：power shaft传动轴
力：brake power
【社会】
力量：knowlege is power
权力：politica power
强国：superpower
The shade meaning of "system":
【机电】
系统：electric light system电照明系统
lubricating system润滑系统
电力网：system fault电力网故障
装置：tierod-crank system连杆曲柄装置
top charging system炉顶装料装置
设备：loading system转载设备
制：basic hole(shaft) system基孔（轴）制
【数学】组：system of equations
【力学】系：system of forces
【化学】法：acid system酸法
【社会】
体系：industrial system
制度：social system
方法：a new system of teaching foreign language
The shade meaning of "work":
工作：work experience
工件：stamp work模锻工件
工厂： NO.1 Motor Vehical Works
工事：defence works
著作：new works on acupuncture针刺疗法新书
功：mechanical work
运转：The machine works well.
加工：The wood works easily.
起作用：The medicine works.
造成：work wonders(miracles)创造奇迹
The sahde meaning of "sound":
【圆的】round plate
【整的】a round ton
【环形】a round trip往还一次
【圆角】fillet and round内圆角和外圆角
【弹】guided round (missile)导弹
【围绕】The moon moves round the earth.
【到处】show sb round
【使圆】round the corners
【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416
词在发展中的含义：
语言是活的，是不断变化的，其中词汇的变化特别突出。下面仅以“ware”一词的变化来体会一下。
1.公元十一世纪ware开始表示manufactured thing.
此时，ware常接在表示物质材料的名词后面组成复合词，表示该物质材料加工而成的器皿、物品、用具，如silverware, copperware, ironware, tinware, stoneware.
2.十四世纪开始使用wares表示货物、商品（goods, commodities, manufactures）。如：popular wares(热门货)，small wares(小百货)，unpack one's wares(开箱取货)，to advertise one's wares, warehouse(货仓)，ware room(商品陈列室，储藏室)。
3.十五世纪中期，机器部件以及工具，尤其是金属，五金器具称为hardware。如：hardwareman(五金制造商)，hardware store, to deal in hardware.
4.十七～十九世纪，新词又产生：chinaware(瓷器)，earthenware(陶器)，woodware(木器)，glassware(玻璃制品)，kitchenware(厨具)，tableware(餐具)。
5.二十世纪初变化：giftware(适合做礼物的物品)，toiletware(化妆品)，houseware(家用器具)。
6.二十世纪中期：spongeware彩色釉陶
7.后期：
hardware:硬件；software：软件
courseware:指专为某一课程教学编制的程序；
shareware:指经版权注册的软件，可以短期免费使用或转制的拷贝。
firmware:只读存储器，含有一个特定目的的程序。
wetware＝human brain = skull ware
另外，还有grayware, noodle ware
可见，ware一词的组合词义变化随着手工制造业、商业、社会分工(工业分工的细化)、科技发展，永远保持鲜活的面孔，明天的ware还会出现什么样的组合呢？让我们拭目以待。
文化与词义：
on the Greek calends
-- 遥遥无期
古今中外，用以计算时日的历法有许多种，今天我们熟悉的至少有阳历和阴历两种。
古代的罗马人和希腊人也各自有自己的历法。calends原是个拉丁词，指罗马古历上的“朔日”，即每月的初一日；但古希腊历法上却根本没有calends这个名称，因此on the Greek calends在希腊的朔日，便是说“在永远不会有的那一天”，即“遥遥无期”：
I know what he promised to treat me a meal is on the Greek calends.（我知道他说要请我吃饭的事是永远不会兑现的。）
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-2-21 8:07:51
--
 http://www.oe-salon.com/asp/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=12&id=6364&replyID=13320&star=4&skin=
英 汉 十 大 区 别
一、英语重结构，汉语重语义
我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过：“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。”(《中国语法理论》，《王力文集》第一卷，第35页，山东教育出版社，1984年)
我们看一看下面的例子：
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt （成为固定装置的，嵌入墙内的；内在的，固有的）personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived。
译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。
这句英语是由四个独立句构成的并列句，前三个句子都用简单将来时，最后一个句子用的是将来完成时，句子之间的关系通过时态、逗号和并列连词and表示得一清二楚。而汉语译文明显就是简单的叙述，至于句子之间的关系完全通过句子的语义表现出来：前三个句子可以看成是并列关系，最后一个句子则表示结果。
二、英语多长句，汉语多短句
由于英语是"法治"的语言，只要结构上没有出现错误，许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达；汉语则正好相反，由于是"人治"，语义通过字词直接表达，不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。正是由于这个原因，考研英译汉试题几乎百分之百都是长而复杂的句子，而翻译成中文经常就成了许多短小的句子。
例如：Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline （身心的锻炼，训练；纪律，风纪，命令服从；惩戒，惩罚；学科，科目）and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。
英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整：less through...and more from构成一个复杂的状语修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，"产生兴趣"这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零。
三、英语多从句，汉语多分句
英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，英语句子中的从句翻成汉语时往往成了一些分句。
例如：On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.
译文：总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
原文中两个only if引导的从句显然使整个句子变得很复杂，可是由于有并列连词but和and，整句话的逻辑关系十分清楚：…能够得出结论…但是只要…而且只要…。从上面的译文我们可以看出，为了使中文表达更加清楚，but only if...and only if...首先提纲挈领：但是必须具备两个条件……，这种做法给我们的感觉是译文中没有从句，有的只是一些不同的分句。
四、英语多代词，汉语多名词
英语不仅有we、you、he、they等人称代词，而且还有that、which之类的关系代词，在长而复杂的句子，为了使句子结构正确、语义清楚，同时避免表达上的重复，英语往往使用很多代词。汉语虽然也有代词，但由于结构相对松散、句子相对较短，汉语里不能使用太多的代词，使用名词往往使语义更加清楚。请看下面的例句：
There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标(或违规)，监测器就会使其停驶。
五、英语多被动，汉语多主动
英语比较喜欢用被动语态，科技英语尤其如此。汉语虽然也有"被"、"由"之类的词表示动作是被动的，但这种表达远没有英语的被动语态那么常见，因此，英语中的被动在汉译中往往成了主动。下面我们先看一组常用被动句型的汉译：
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It must be admitted that...必须承认……
It is imagined that...人们认为……
It can not be denied that...不可否认……
It will be seen from this that...由此可知……
It should be realized that...必须认识到……
It is (always) stressed that...人们(总是)强调……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that...可以毫不夸张地说……
这些常用被动句型属于习惯表达法，在科技英语中出现频率很高，考生不仅要熟悉这些句型的固定翻译，同时要认识到许多英语中的被动从习惯上来讲要译成汉语的主动。我们再看一个典型的例子：
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
原文中有三个被动语态is imagined, be compared和be required，译成汉语都变成了主动表达：认为、相比和掌握。
有些英语被动需要把主语译成汉语的宾语，这样才能更加符合中文的表达习惯。
例如：New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore （归还；恢复，复兴；恢复健康，复原）that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.
译文：必须找到新的能源，这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不大可能再出现了。
六、英语多变化，汉语多重复
熟悉英语的人都知道，英语表达相同的意思时往往变换表达方式。第一次说"我认为"可以用"I think"，第二次再用"I think"显然就很乏味，应该换成"I believe"或"I imagine"之类的表达。相比之下，汉语对变换表达方式的要求没有英语那么高，很多英语中的变化表达译成重复表达就行了。请看下面的例子：
The m<I>onkey</I>'s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the m<I>onkey</I> had learned to solo on the vehicle.
译文：这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。tractor和vehicle在句中显然都表示"拖拉机"，英语表达上有变化，而译成汉语时使用了重复表达法。
七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体
做翻译实践较多的人都有这样的体会：英文句子难译主要难在结构复杂和表达抽象上。通过分析句子的结构，把长句变短句、从句变分句，结构上的难题往往迎刃而解。表达抽象则要求译者吃透原文的意思、用具体的中文进行表达，这对考生往往具有更大的挑战性。
下面我们先看一组例子：
disintegration 土崩瓦解
ardent （热心的；热情的）loyalty 赤胆忠心
total exhaustion 筋疲力尽
far-sightedness 远见卓识
careful consideration 深思熟虑
perfect harmony （和声；和睦）水乳交融
feed on fancies 画饼充饥
with great eagerness 如饥似渴
lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网
make a little contribution （捐款；捐助）添砖加瓦
on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕
从上面的例子不难看出，英语表达往往比较抽象，汉语则喜欢比较具体。我们再看一个翻译：
Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points whereas the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food."
译文：除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
原文中有三个抽象的名词：sense, point和support和两个抽象的形容词comfortable和unnatural。根据大纲中词汇表提供的解释，sense可指“感觉”、“判断力”，point的意思是“点”，support的意思是“支撑(物)”、“支持(物)”，comfortable是“舒适的”，unnatural是“非自然的”，都是意思十分抽象的词，如果不进行具体化处理，译文就可能是这样：除非人类有这样的感觉，把人口减少到这样的，使地球能为大家提供舒适的支持，否则人们将不得不接受更多的"非自然的食物"。
八、英语多引申，汉语多推理
英语有两句俗话：一是You know a word by the company it keeps.(要知义如何，关键看词伙)，二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.(词本无义，义随人生)。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的，而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说，这种活用是词义和用法的引申，翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申，译者就需要进行推理。
例如：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
译文：尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多，现代实践最符合这样一种定义，即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。
"recreate"根据构词法和一般词典上解释都是“重新创造”，而考研英语大纲词汇表中只有名词"recreation"，所给词义为"娱乐、消遣"，在这种情况下，考生很容易把recreate译成“重新创造”或者“娱乐”。仔细观察recreate不难发现它带有宾语the significant events of the part，从逻辑上来讲，"过去的重大历史事件"是不能"重新创造"的，作者显然对recreate一词的词义进行了引申。做翻译的人经常会有这样一种感受：某个词明明认识，可就是不知道该怎样表达。这其实就是词的引申和推理在起作用。
九、英语多省略，汉语多补充
英语一方面十分注重句子结构，另一方面又喜欢使用省略。英语省略的类型很多，有名词的省略，动词的省略，有句法方面的省略，也有情景方面的省略。在并列结构中，英语往往省略前面已出现过的词语，而汉语则往往重复这些省略了的词。
例如：①Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.
野心不仅是罪恶的根源，同时也是毁灭的根源。
②Reading exercises one's eyes; Speaking, one's tongue; while writing, one's mind.
阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。
④One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
在考研英译汉中，省略是一种很常见现象。例如：
Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
译文：因此，究竟是使用测试，其它种类的信息，还是在特定的情况下两者都使用，取决于关于相对效度的来自经验的证据，同时还取决于成本和可获得性这样的因素。
whether...or...是并列连词，or前面省略了不定式to use, and upon中间省了动词depends。
十、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心
在表达多逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。
比较：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.
译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。
The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）.
译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。
|
|
-- 作者：willhuang
-- 时间：2005-2-21 9:26:10
--
感谢楼主。受益匪浅。
|
|
-- 作者：ivyly
-- 时间：2005-2-21 10:55:15
--
很好的材料，可做翻译论文的例句，谢谢！
|
|
-- 作者：peacelover
-- 时间：2005-2-21 15:11:10
--
总结的很好，让人豁然开朗。
|
|
-- 作者：bhanzc
-- 时间：2005-2-21 20:28:53
--
感谢!!!
很有用的东东。
|
|
-- 作者：paulkkkk
-- 时间：2005-3-5 17:15:06
--
感谢，感谢！真是有用啊！
|
|
-- 作者：夏午茶
-- 时间：2005-3-6 13:55:43
--
恩，谢谢楼主的努力啊！
|
|
-- 作者：ella_s
-- 时间：2005-3-6 21:54:42
--
楼主。。。。。。。。。我在千万看到有个Hyde说帖子是他原创的，我想知道此Hyde是不是彼Hyde。。。就这样。
不管是不是。我先说一下，很不好意思，一般我转贴都会写明的。。。但我一开始不是很sure是不是你原创的，就有些为难了（相信可以理解这种情况吧，挺多的，不是吗？）
呵呵;)反正大家初衷都是一致的。。。
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-3-7 12:54:31
-- 回复：英文报刊佳句阅读（正在整理中。。。。）
以下是引用 ella_s 在 2005-3-6 21:54:42 的发言：
楼主。。。。。。。。。我在千万看到有个Hyde说帖子是他原创的，我想知道此Hyde是不是彼Hyde。。。就这样。
不管是不是。我先说一下，很不好意思，一般我转贴都会写明的。。。但我一开始不是很sure是不是你原创的，就有些为难了（相信可以理解这种情况吧，挺多的，不是吗？）
呵呵;)反正大家初衷都是一致的。。。
|
|
呵呵，俺到过那张帖子看过，就是俺留言的。对那位网友提出中肯的建议，希望他（她）注明出处。彼Hyde就是此Hyde。。。就这样。
|
|
-- 作者：xiaoxue
-- 时间：2005-3-7 13:23:06
--
一个个都是大好人呀!!
|
|
-- 作者：stingsmith
-- 时间：2005-3-8 15:03:49
--
好贴！！建议在整理完毕后作成电子书格式让各位战友下载！！！有劳了！！！
|
|
-- 作者：miracle2004
-- 时间：2005-3-9 10:37:40
--
建议该板块斑竹加精华，希望hyde继续努力啊！
|
|
-- 作者：tianshicai
-- 时间：2005-3-9 12:23:29
-- 回复：英文报刊佳句阅读（正在整理中。。。。）
好文章，予以转载。
|
|
-- 作者：hyde
-- 时间：2005-3-10 7:53:03
--
感谢田老师不远万里从“译网情深”赶来鼓励。这些材料整理是很费力气的，最近忙于琐事难于应付，等一段时间，我会继续更新的。贴出来的最大希望就是：我担心自己浅薄的分析和理解能力会破坏原句的整体性，希望大家施以援手，对我的理解角度给予纠正，谢谢大家。
|
|
-- 作者：tang_knight
-- 时间：2005-3-17 8:58:29
-- 回复：英文报刊佳句阅读（正在整理中。。。。）
感谢楼主! 获益良多!
|
|
-- 作者：stephensun
-- 时间：2005-4-1 21:07:59
-- 回复：英文报刊佳句阅读（正在整理中。。。。）
Great appreciation for you sharing us with your knowledge...
本贴已被 作者 于 2005年04月01日 21时09分07秒 编辑过
|
|
|
|